The Difference Between Compliance Auditing and Systems Auditing In ISO 14001

The Difference Between Compliance Auditing and Systems Auditing In ISO 14001

Often however, there is confusion between regulatory compliance auditing and EMS auditing. This is because there are many elements of regulatory compliance that overlap with the EMS. Recall that the criteria in a compliance audit are the applicable regulations, whereas the criteria in an EMS audit would be ISO 14001. But does not ISO 14001 address compliance? The answer is yes, but from a system standpoint, not performance.

In other words, the standard requires that certain procedures exist regarding identification of legal and other requirements, that periodic compliance assessments be performed, that legal requirements be considered in setting objectives and targets, and that there be a commitment to compliance. However, actually being in compliance is a performance issue, and out of the purview of ISO 14001.

Of course, a system that is constantly out of compliance or does not identify and initiate action to correct noncompliances, will eventually fail due to system failure. The subtle, yet important point is that during an EMS audit, identified regulatory noncompliances are relevant only to the extent that they reflect a potential system problem. The finding therefore is not that the site is out of compliance with a given regulation, but that the noncompliance means some EMS element is not conformed to. For example, a regulatory noncompliance can be related to a problem with training, recordkeeping, or monitoring and measurement.

The EMS auditor is not to do a compliance audit as part of the EMS audit. If, as part of the statistical sampling to verify EMS element requirements, the auditor identifies a regulatory noncompliance, he or she treats it as any other evidence.

This point has been difficult to accept, especially in U.S. industry because of our long history of regulatory enforcement. The EMS auditor needs to constantly remember that compliance auditing is being done separately as part of the EMS requirements itself (4.5.1, paragraph 3) and to stay focused on the criteria at hand – ISO 14001 and the site’s EMS. There may be legal requirements regarding noncompliances encountered during the EMS audit, but this should be decided and addressed in the audit plan.

In summary, the goal of the compliance audit is to verify compliance with regulations, whereas the EMS audit’s goal is to verify that the EMS conforms to planned arrangements, including ISO 14001.

The Audit Plan In ISO 14001

The Audit Plan In ISO 14001

The audit plan is the document that establishes the scope, objectives and criteria, and schedule of the audit. It also goes into specific details on what areas will be audited, when, and by whom.

Other details such as which checklists may be used, how the report is to be formatted and distributed, and how meetings will be conducted can also be included in the plan. In essence, the audit plan reflects the programs, procedures, and methodologies of the EMS audit process, in accordance with element 4.5.4 of ISO 14001. These planning items are usually described in the procedures for element 4.5.4 and do not need to be re-created every time an audit occurs. For example, it can be determined that the entire EMS will be audited once per year, but in four partial events. This schedule then becomes part of the procedure.

The audit scope defines what part of the organization will be audited. Obviously, this should coincide with the scope of the EMS itself, and is usually the site in question. If the full EMS audit is divided in smaller segments conducted throughout the year, then the scope of any given segment is what portion of the organization will be audited at that time. Typically, an organization will create a chart or matrix showing the various divisions of the site or activity and when it will be audited. A typical entry may show the maintenance department being audited in the first quarter and production in the fourth quarter, for example.

Also noted in the audit plan is the audit objective(s). The audit objective describes why an audit is being conducted. Typically the reason is to conform to ISO 14001 4.5.4 requiring that the EMS be periodically evaluated. Another reason is demonstrate conformance to others.

Although EMS audits may appear in their own right to be “good practice”, it is essential that auditors have a clear concept of what the general objectives of such audits are.

The definition of EMS audits highlights the need to confirm conformance with planned arrangements and to ensure that these arrangements are effective and suitable to achieve objectives. ISO 14011 expands this to form a number of general objectives for any type of EMS audit. Audits should be carried out to:

- determine conformance of an auditee’s EMS with the EMS audit criteria

- determine whether the auditee’s EMS has been properly implemented and maintained

- to identify areas of potential improvement in the auditee’s EMS

- assess the ability of the internal management review process to ensure the continuing suitability and effectiveness of the EMS

- evaluate the EMS of an organization where there is a desire to establish a contractual relationship, such as with a potential supplier or a joint-venture partner.

Using this definition and sources such as ISO 14010 and 14011, the following statement of the specific objectives of an internal EMS audit has been developed. Internal audits should be carried out to ensure that:

- The EMS continues to meet the needs of the business

- The necessary documented procedures that exist are practical and satisfy any specified requirements

- The necessary documented procedures are understood and followed by appropriately trained personnel

- Areas of conformity and nonconformity with respect to implementation of the EMS system are identified and corrective action implemented

- The effectiveness of the system in meeting the EMS objectives is determined and that a basis is created for identifying opportunities and initiating actions to improve the EMS system

The above objectives imply that internal audits are concerned with more than just the policing of an established system. If auditors and managers are to remain committed to the implementation of the EMS system, it must also contribute to the process of developing that system and seeking improvements.

Internal auditing must not be carried out in a way that results in the transfer of responsibility from the operating staff to the auditor or auditing organization, i.e., at all times the individual or department must retain and accept responsibility for his or her role in the EMS.

If the internal audit process is not designed and implemented to meet the objectives and to avoid the pitfalls described above, it is unlikely that the top management commitment essential to an effective audit process will be readily forthcoming.

The audit criteria define what the “rules” are. For the sake of this guide, the criteria will be the elements of ISO 14001. A subtle point to note however is that the site’s EMS requirements are also part of the criteria. This means that in addition to responding to the requirements of ISO 14001, the EMS must also respond to “planned arrangements”, or what the organization said it was going to do. In audits, a common response is “the standard does not require such and such detail”. However, if the site’s procedure does require some specific response, then it becomes part of the criteria. In essence, the auditors are verifying the system not only to ISO 14001, but also to what the EMS documentation states.

How the audit is divided and scheduled throughout the time interval is up to the organization and will be a function of minimizing disruption to site operations and resource needs. The only requirement is that the full audit be completed within the frequency established in the procedures under 14001, 4.5.4. One of the requirements regarding frequency is that how often an area is audited be in part a function of prior audit results. This means that the planned frequency may change with time based on what auditors are finding.

How long each audit takes again is a function of resource needs and operations. It is recommended, however, that any individual audit event not be protracted out over long time periods. The longer a task takes, the easier it is to get distracted and lose focus.

Much has been written about how to audit a system if the full audit is not completed in one event. Unlike other audits, including quality audits, where a more segmented approach can be taken, ISO 14001 systems tend to be very sensitive to consistency. For example, the emergency planning process may conform to the standard element 4.4.7 in that a procedure exists; however,

it may not reflect the potential significant impacts identified in element 4.3.1. Had the audit team focused only on element 4.4.7, they would not have noted the apparent nonconformance.

When developing an audit plan, it is wise to consider the three C’s of ISO 14001 EMS auditing:

Conformance, Consistency, and Continual Improvement. Conformance relates to addressing each of the requirements of the standard, i.e., the “shalls”. Consistency relates to how well each procedure or process of the EMS relates to the others. In other words, do objectives and targets reflect the policy commitments? Are personnel trained on the correct legal and other requirements? Finally, Continual Improvement requires that the system lead to improvements in the system itself as well as with environmental performance. A system that has all the prerequisite procedures, but remains static, is not in conformance.

The concepts of consistency and continual improvement are more subtle because they are through-running threads of the standard and not always a definitive statement. The required commitment to continual improvement and the text of the standard itself however do go some way towards reminding the auditor.

With the three C’s in mind, one now sees why it is best to audit all applicable elements of the standard in a given area at one time, rather that tracing any one standard element throughout various areas. For example, during the first quarter audit event, Company X may audit all of ISO 14001 in maintenance. During the second quarter event, all of ISO 14001 will be audited in the production area, and so on. This is in contrast to auditing only a certain element, i.e., corrective action, across several site areas in one audit event.

Now we know what is being audited, when it is being audited, and to what “rules” it is being audited. The remainder of the plan is simply then the logistics of the audit. The logistics include identification of team members, noting if and what checklists will be used, schedule and formats of meeting to name a few. Below is the full list of recommended audit plan elements as described in ISO 14011:

• the audit objectives and scope;

• the audit criteria;

• identification of the auditee’s organizational and functional units to be audited;

• identification of the functions and/or individuals within the auditee’s organization having significant direct responsibilities regarding the auditee’s EMS;

• identification of those elements of the auditee’s EMS that are of high audit priority;

• the procedures for auditing the auditee’s EMS elements as appropriate for the auditee’s organization;

• the working and reporting languages of the audit;

• identification of reference documents;

• the expected time and duration for major audit activities;

• the dates and places where the audit is to be conducted;

• identification of audit team members;

• the schedule of meetings to be held with the auditee’s management;

• confidentiality requirements;

• report content and format, expected date of issue and distribution of the audit report;

• document retention requirements.

If the internal audit is to proceed smoothly, it is helpful for the internal auditor to establish a dialogue prior to the actual audit with the person responsible for the area being audited. This dialogue may be conducted by memo, telephone, or during a formal or informal meeting. The main factor that should influence the auditor’s choice of method for setting up this dialogue should be the organization’s normal style or culture. Irrespective of the method of communication the auditor adopts, the following points should be established:

• The overall duration of the proposed audit

• The starting location and time

• The proposed scope and areas to be covered by the audit

• A timetable for approximate progress of the audit where applicable, e.g., if a number of different departments or geographical areas are to be included in the scope of the audit

• The arrangements for any close out meeting where the findings of the audit can be agreed and corrective action requirements discussed

• The personnel liable to be involved at each stage of the audit

If an auditor does not give sufficient attention to ensuring that clear agreement is reached with respect to the above points, the potential for misunderstandings that can affect the conduct of the audit is greatly increased. However, these initial communications with the personnel of the area being audited not only affect the “tone” of the forthcoming audit, but they can significantly influence the commitment and level of cooperation shown by that area throughout the audit process and for many subsequent audits.

Prior to commencing the audit, but once the plan is prepared, the audit team assignments are made, and working documents are defined. Working documents are those documents such as observation logs and checklists that are used during the audit to collect evidence, but are not necessarily retained as records. In other words, they may be discarded after the audit is complete and the report prepared.

Of these, only the checklist should require an input at this stage from the auditor. However, before compiling a checklist, the auditor must determine if the function and format of the checklist are prescribed by the audit procedure or whether personal preference can be exercised.

The format of the checklist may vary considerably, depending on whether it is intended to act as an aide or as a part of audit records showing the scope and conduct of the audit. The former may consist only of general topics to be covered during the audit, whereas the latter may be an extensive and detailed questionnaire on which details of sampling and answers to the questions are to be recorded.

The need for checklists and the type appropriate will vary according to other experience of the auditors and the culture of the company. It is recommended that for purposes of internal audits, checklists, even if limited, should always be developed. However, standard questionnaire type checklists not prepared by the auditor that must be slavishly followed and completed, should be

avoided. This latter type is likely to result in an unnecessary restriction in the scope of the audit and a stifling of auditor initiative.

Although an auditor should always work within the scope defined for the audit, the working documents must not be designed so that they restrict additional audit activities or investigations that may become necessary as a result of information gained during the audit. There are differences of opinion over whether it is preferable to create the checklist anew or whether a previously developed checklist can be used. Although the former is desirable in principle, it is not always practical in terms of the best use of the resources available. The best compromise is to utilize whatever available checklists are already in existence, but to review these critically

against the relevant documents previously identified. In this way, time can be saved in using them as a foundation without detracting from effectiveness.

The Audit Report In ISO 14001

The Audit Report In ISO 14001

Once agreement has been reached, both among the audit team and with the auditee, it is time to prepare the audit report. Note that ISO 14001 does not require a documented audit report. However, it is very difficult to verify that the auditing requirement has been satisfied without a supporting record, which is typically a documented audit report.

The audit report is prepared by the lead auditor, although he or she may have other team members prepare portions. The content of the audit report is determined by the audit plan and the organization’s EMS audit procedures. Having completed the examination phase and evaluated the collected data observations, etc., the assessor is faced with the problem of documenting any deficiencies he or she may have found. There are many different methods of documenting deficiencies, ranging from inclusion in the body of the audit report to producing non-conformance notes or corrective action requests. Irrespective of which method is adopted, the basic principles to be followed are similar. ISO 14001 does not dictate what should be in the report, and ISO 14011 only suggests contents. ISO 14011 indicates that at a minimum, the findings need to be in the report. The findings appear as a statement that the EMS is or is not in conformance with the criteria, and states what the criteria and supporting evidence are for the statement. ISO 14011 also lists other optional items to include such as:

• the identification of the organization audited and of the client;

• the agreed objectives, scope and plan of the audit;

• the agreed criteria, including a list of reference documents against which the audit was conducted;

• the period covered by the audit and the date(s) the audit was conducted;

• the identification of the auditee’s representatives participating in the audit;

• the identification of the audit team members;

• a statement of the confidential nature of the contents;

• the distribution list for the audit report;

• a summary of the audit process including any obstacles encountered;

• audit conclusions such as:

- EMS conformance to the EMS audit criteria;

- whether the system is properly implemented and maintained;

- whether the internal management review process is able to ensure the continuing suitability and effectiveness of the EMS.

The format of such reports can vary considerably and may range from completion of a simple pro-forma to expansive documents describing all aspects of the audit performance and findings. However, irrespective of the style and format, the audit report should cover the key topics already identified as being essential for discussion and presentation at the opening and closing meetings. In constructing the report two specific objectives must be borne in mind.

(1) The report has to provide objective evidence of effective implementation of the audit procedure.

(2) The report has to allow for corrective action to be addressed and that the follow-up requirements can be established and initiated.

Where there are non-conformances, there are various options regarding deficiency reporting. One option is to describe each of the deficiencies identified in the main body of the report along with any supporting evidence, and if requested, corresponding recommendations. Although this may result in a comprehensive report of audit findings, it has the disadvantage that the individual

deficiencies are often difficult to locate, particularly when trying to monitor follow-up actions.

This can be partly overcome by writing separate corrective action requests for this purpose. A useful alternative that is less time consuming is to restrict the description of deficiencies in the body of the report to general summaries only. Details of deficiencies can then be included in non-conformance notes. Ideally, the non-conformance note should also provide space for agreeing corrective actions and recording subsequent monitoring of that corrective action. In this manner, any duplication of effort with respect to audit reporting is minimized, thus producing a more easily managed system. It is important that however non-conformances are handled, it be constant with the EMS correction action process (ISO 14001, Section 4.5.2).

Before considering the steps in preparing the non-conformance note we must be clear about their purpose.

• To convey to the auditee the findings in a clear and accurate manner so that they know what to do next.

• To advise the EMS personnel or other auditors what you have found so that he can follow it up.

• To present a record that can be reviewed remotely from the scene and be understood.

All non-conformance notes must contain certain basic information.

• The physical area being audited.

- Failure to record this often results in great confusion 3 to 6 months later when a follow up visit is carried out to review corrective action implementation.

• The specific clause(s) of the assessment standard(s) against which the non-conformance is issued.

- If the auditor is unable to readily identify the applicable section of the EMS manual or the procedure against which to issue the non-conformance, he must question whether or not he is justified in writing the non-conformance. It is good practice to re-read the

requirements of the relevant system documentation to confirm that these can be interpreted as supporting the non-conformance. If they do not, then the non-conformance cannot be issued.

• The detailed nature of the non-conformance including the specific identity of documents/procedures/material, etc.

Earlier we considered the requirements for recording observations during the assessment and emphasized the need for them to be factual and to contain objective evidence that the system requirements were not being satisfied. Although this appears to be fairly straightforward, in practice this is often not the case. It is not unusual for inexperienced auditors to identify a deficiency only to fail to communicate the findings in a manner that facilitates implementation of the appropriate corrective action. The non-conformance note, while not being over long, must contain sufficient information to enable a person not present during the audit to be able to gauge the seriousness or otherwise of the observation.

The use of descriptive terms such as extensive, several, isolated, etc… is essential to communicate accurately the nature and extent of the deficiency, but care must be taken to ensure that their use does not result in a lack of objectivity; e.g., the term extensive can only be included if there is irrefutable evidence to justify its use. The auditor must also take care to ensure that the description is not only accurate but it is also fair, e.g., a statement that 50% of manifests were incorrectly signed may be accurate but is hardly fair if only two manifests were sampled.

Having documented the nature of the deficiency, some audit systems require the auditor to grade the deficiency or non-conformance, e.g., major and minor. It is not intended to discuss grading systems in detail since there are many potential variations that companies may wish to adopt. Irrespective of what system is being adopted, the auditor must ensure that the grading given and

the text describing the deficiency are completely compatible.

Distribution of the audit report and nature of documentation are decided between the auditor and auditee, although this too is usually addressed in the audit plan. An audit is considered successful when the auditee and client feel that they have useful, constructive feedback that allows them to improve the system.

How Quality Management System is implemented?

How Quality Management System is implemented?

The terms ‘establish’, ‘document’, ‘implement’, ‘maintain’ and ‘improve’ are used in the ISO 9000 Standard as though this is a sequence of activities when in reality, in order to establish a system it has to be put in place and putting a system in place requires two separate actions:
- Design the Quality Management System using a process that transforms the system requirements into specific characteristics that results in a clear definition of all the processes that meet the system requirements.
- Construct the system using a process that documents, installs, commissions and integrates the processes to deliver the required business outputs.
The way in which these phases of quality system development are related is
illustrated in the management system process model shown in Figure 4.1. This diagram has some important features. Note that the design input to the system comprises internal and external requirements. On the right side there are four improvement routes:
- Improvements in conformity during operation of the system arise through
enforcing policy and practices – doing what you say you do
- Improvements in conformity during system construction arise through
enforcing policy and design rules on the system – reworking the system to
comply with the established policies and objectives
- Improvements in efficiency during system construction arise through
finding better ways of implementing the system design – shorter, less
wasteful routines, less complexity, lower skill levels, fewer resources
- Improvements in effectiveness arise as a result of identifying different
policies and objectives – higher targets, new objectives, new requirements,
regulations, and new technologies.
As indicated above, establishing a system means designing and constructing it, which can be referred to as system development. System design is dealt with under Identifying processes. Constructing the system covers documentation, resourcing, installation, commissioning, qualification and integration.

Documenting A Quality Management System

Documenting A Quality Management System

The ISO 9000 Standards requires the organization to document a quality management system in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001. A document (according to ISO 9000 clause 2.7.1) is information and its supporting medium. A page of printed information, a CD ROM or a computer file is a document, implying that recorded information is a document and verbal information is not a document.
Clause 4.2 requires the management system documentation to include certain types of documents and therefore does not limit the management system documentation to the types of documents listed.
As a management system is the means to achieve the organization’s objectives, and a system is a set of interrelated processes, it follows that what has to be documented are all the processes that constitute the system.
While there is a reduction in emphasis on documentation in ISO 9001:2008 compared with the 1994 version, it does not imply that organizations will need less documentation to define their management system. What it does mean is that the organization is left to decide the documentation necessary for effective operation and control of its processes. If the absence of specific documentation does not adversely affect operation and control of processes, such documentation is unnecessary.
Before ISO 9000 came along, organizations prospered without masses of
documentation and many still do. Those that have chosen not to pursue the
ISO 9000 path often only generate and maintain documents that have a useful purpose and will not produce documents just for auditors unless there is a legal requirement. Most of the documentation that is required in ISO 9000 came about from hindsight – the traditional unscientific way organizations learn and how management systems evolve.
ISO 9000 contains a list of valid reasons for why documents are necessary as below:
- To communicate requirements, intentions, instructions, methods and results effectively
- To convert solved problems into recorded knowledge so as to avoid having
to solve them repeatedly
- To provide freedom for management and staff to maximize their contribution to the business
- To free the business from reliance on particular individuals for its effectiveness
- To provide legitimacy and authority for the actions and decisions needed
- To make responsibility clear and to create the conditions for self-control
- To provide co-ordination for inter-departmental action
- To provide consistency and predictability in carrying out repetitive tasks
- To provide training and reference material for new and existing staff
- To provide evidence to those concerned of your intentions and your actions
- To provide a basis for studying existing work practices and identifying
opportunities for improvement
- To demonstrate after an incident the precautions which were taken or which should have been taken to prevent it or minimize its occurrence
If only one of these reasons make sense in a particular situation, the
information should be documented. In some organizations, they take the
view that it is important to nurture freedom, creativity and initiative and
therefore feel that documenting procedures is counterproductive. Their view is that documented procedures hold back improvement, forcing staff to follow routines without thinking and prevent innovation. While it is true that blindly enforcing procedures that reflect out-of-date practices coupled with bureaucratic change mechanisms is counter productive, it is equally shortsighted to ignore past experience, ignore decisions based on valid evidence and encourage staff to reinvent what were perfectly acceptable methods.
Question by all means, encourage staff to challenge decisions of the past, but
encourage them to put forward a case for change. That way it will cause
them to study the old methods, select the good bits and modify the parts that are no longer appropriate. It is often said that there is nothing new under the sun – just new ways of packaging the same message.

What Should Be Documented In Quality Management System?

What Should Be Documented In Quality Management System?

Clause 4.2.1 in ISO 9000 Standards requires quality management system documentation to include 5 types
of document:
(a) Quality policy and objectives
(b) Quality manual
(c) Documented procedures
(d) Documents needed to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of processes
(e) Records
Other than the requirements in clause 4 for documentation, there are 14 other references requiring documentation. These are as follows:
(a) The output of the planning
(b) The quality manual
(c) A documented procedure for document control
(d) A documented procedure for the identification, storage, retrieval, protection, retention time and disposition of records.
(e) Planning of the realization processes
(f) Inputs relating to product requirements
(g) The outputs of the design and development process
(h) Design and development changes
(i) The results of the review of changes and subsequent follow up actions
(j) A documented procedure for conducting audits that includes the responsibilities and requirements
(k) Evidence of conformity with the acceptance criteria characteristics of the product
(l) A documented procedure for nonconformity control activities
(m)A documented procedure for corrective action
(n) A documented procedure for preventive action
This list is somewhat inadequate for documentation purposes because it does not tell us what types of things we should document or provide criteria to enable us to decide what we need to document. ISO 9000 clause 2.7.2 includes a more useful list of document types that are classified as follows:
(a) Quality manuals
(b) Quality plans
(c) Specifications
(d) Guidelines
(e) Procedures, work instructions and drawings
(f) Records
This list is similar to that in clause 4.2.1 with some notable differences. The
policy and objective could form part of the quality manual and the quality plans, work instructions, guidelines, drawings and specifications could be the documents needed to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of processes.
Obviously the size, type and complexity of the organization and the competency of personnel will have an effect on the depth and breadth of the
documentation but the subject matter other than that which is product, process or customer specific is not dependent on size, type and complexity of the organization etc. There is no single method that will reveal all the things that should be documented but there are several approaches that can be used to reveal the documentation necessary.

ISO 14001 Standard & Environmental Issues

ISO 14001 Standard & Environmental Issues

ISO 14001 is a systematic tool that enables an organization in any market sector to focus on their situation, identify the relevant environmental issues and to lessen their impact to their benefit and the environment. It is part of a global response to the recognition that we are damaging the environment in which we all live. The cause and effect of the foremost world environmental issues, which are all due to mankind, are generally too vast and too intangible for us to grasp and so the slightly cliché expression ‘think global, act local’ is very relevant. Once the EMS is implemented and to become registered to ISO 14001, the external auditor will assess your EMS in two separate stages, on site. The first stage to understand your business activities and determine formal readiness for assessment and the second to check practical compliance with ISO 14001. After registration he will return at regular intervals every year to verify continual improvement and regulatory compliance, against your set objectives and your EMS. The external auditor should be seen as a wise friend, not a policeman. He should certainly explain his findings and assist the company to find ISO 14001 registration is not a cure for all environmental problems but I hope I’ve demonstrated that it is a worthwhile, if not essential business initiative that could enable your management to better manage your business, gain commercial advantage and minimize its environmental impact.

How to Get an ISO 14001 Accreditation

If you are someone who is looking into getting an ISO 14001, then you may be wondering exactly why it is that you have to get this accreditation. First, you have to understand that ISO stands for the International Organisation of Standardisation. This is a series of standards that have been developed with a singular level of guidance for all companies to measure up to. The particular 14001 deals with the requirements that you will need to have in order to measure up to the environmental standards that have been set forth by the ISO.

While you do not necessarily have to get the ISO 14001 accreditation to operate your business, it is something you can do to prove to your clients and customers that you are doing your part to help out with the environment. However, you may be confused on how to go about getting this important accreditation, but it is not as difficult to attain as you might think, and most businesses should be able to get the certification within a year of the application. You should know that they will want to make sure that you have been following some form of environmental standards for at least three months prior to your application. To do this you can write an environmental review of your company’s environmental impact as it is in its current operating state. You will then want to make sure that you provide this information when you send off your initial paperwork to begin the overall process.

In order to help prove that your company is doing its part to be environmentally aware you will have to go through an initial audit once the application has been filled out and filed. After the audit has been completed you will get a list of issues that the auditor feels you need to resolve before you can be certified for the ISO 14001. You will need to work on and correct these issues before the second audit is conducted, and they will give you a time period (usually three to six months) when they will return to check on your progress.

When the second audit occurs they will once again assess the overall business and then they will address the issues that were laid out in the previous audit. If everything goes well then your company will have proven that they are doing what they can to meet the standard set forth in ISO 14001, and they will then receive accreditation. However, this is not the end of the process. Even though you are now recognised as having environmentally conscious policies that are congruent with the international standards, you will have to go through periodic audits every three years to make sure that you are still operating correctly. Not only this, but every three months partial aspects of your company will be analysed to see that they are still working within the standards as well. As long as you remain within the compliance terms you will continue to receive your ISO 14001 certification.

About ISO 14001:2004 Standards

The ISO 14001 aims to reduce the environmental carbon footprints that many businesses leave behind today because of not taking the right steps to be environmental sustainable. This standard promotes the decrease in the waste of necessary business resources and also reduces the pollution that can sometimes be a by product of a business.

About ISO 14001

The most updated version of the ISO 14001 was released in the year 2004 by the International Organisation of Standardization (ISO), which was attended by members from all the committees from around the world. In order for a company to be awarded the ISO 14001 standard certificate, an external auditor has to audit the company by an audit body that has been accredited by an accreditation body. The certification auditors are required to be accredited by the International Registrar of Certification Auditor and the certification body has to be accredited by the Registrar Accreditation Board in the USA or by the National Accreditation Board in Ireland.

The structure of ISO 14001 is very much like the ISO 9000, which is management standard, so these two standards can be implemented side by side to achieve the best results. As a part of the ISO 14000 family, which deals with different aspects of environmental issues, ISO 14001:2004 and ISO 14002 deal with environmental management system (EMS). ISO 14001 gives the requirements for the

EMS and ISO 14002 gives the basic guidelines for EMS.

Environmental Management System with ISO 14001:2004

The EMS, as per the requirements of the ISO 14001, enables the company, may it be of any size, location and income to:

• It helps the company improve its environmental strategy and this positively affects their environmental performance.
• It helps in identifying and controlling the environmental impact that the activities, services or products of the company might have.
• And it helps in carrying out a systematic approach to set environmental targets and objectives, to achieve these and also to demonstrate that they have been achieved.

How does it work?

ISO 14001 does not specify or chalk out a definite level that each business has to reach. If the performance was determined, then it would have to be done for every specific business. But that is not how it works and has a very different approach, like:

• The ISO has various standards dealing with environmental issues. ISO 14001 deals with a framework provided for a strategic and holistic approach to the businesses environmental policy, actions and plans.
• It gives the general requirements for the EMS.
• This also states the reference to the communication requirements for the communication of the environmental management issues between the company, stakeholders, the public and the regulators.
• As these standards are not company specific, any and every business can undertake them as long as they are dedicated to the continued and improved environmental performance and they have a commitment to comply with the set norms.

ISO 14001 Environmental management programmes

ISO 14001 Environmental management programmes

Introduce a series of projects as an environmental management programme to achieve the set targets. Apply normal project management disciplines (eg. assign a project leader, consider their training needs, outline the key stages of the project and dates that will lead to the target achievement).

Gradually apply environmental management programme thinking to such things as the introduction of new products, new or improved processes and other key activities of the business. In particular, ensure existing projects become environmental management projects where there is a significant environmental impact involved, so that the EMS becomes company wide. This is a frequent oversight found during ISO 14001 assessments. The EMS must cover the whole business – like a net thrown over the whole business and for example including such things as engineering and maintenance.

Elements Of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

Elements Of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

ISO/DIS 14001 is one of a series of emerging international environmental management standards aimed at promoting
continual improvement in company environmental performance through the adoption and implementation of an environmental management system. The (draft) standard specifies the core elements of an EMS, but contains only those elements that may be objectively audited for certification or self-declaration purposes. A companion guidance standard, ISO/DIS 14004 includes examples, descrïptions and options that aid in the implementation of an EMS and in integrating the EMS into overall management practices. It is not intended for use by certification/registration bodies.

ISO/DIS 14001 defines an overall environmental management system , closely modeled on the ISO 9000 quality systems standard , and covers the following key elements:

· Establishment of an appropriate environmental policy that is documented and communicated to employees and made available to the public, and which includes a commitment to continual improvement and pollution prevention, regulatory compliance and a framework for setting objectives;
· A planning phase that covers the identification of the environmental aspects of the organization’s activities, identification and access to legal requirements, establishment and documentation of objectives and targets consistent with the policy, and establishment of a program for achieving said targets and objectives (including the designation of responsible individuals, necessary means and timeframes);
· Implementation and operation of the EMS including the definition, documentation and communication of roles and responsibilities, provision of appropriate training, assurance of adequate internal and external communication, written management system documentation as well as appropriate document control procedures, documented procedures for operational controls, and documented and communicated emergency response procedures;
· Checking and corrective action procedures, including procedures for regular monitoring and measurement of key characteristics of the operations and activities, procedures for dealing with situations of non-conformity, specific record maintenance procedures and procedures for auditing the performance of the EMS;
· Periodic management reviews of the overall EMS to ensure its suitability, adequacy and effectiveness in light of changing circumstances.

The EMS as outlined in ISO 14001 provides a structured process for the achievement of continual improvement, the rate and extent of which is determined by the organization in light of economic and other circumstances. Although some improvement in environmental performance can be expected due to the adoption of a systematic approach, it should be understood that the EMS is a tool which enables the organization to achieve and systematically control the level of environmental performance that it sets itself. The establishment of an EMS will not, in itself, necessarily result in an immediate reduction of adverse environmental impact. Indeed, care needs to be taken that the mere establishment of an EMS does not lull the organization into a false sense of security. But effectively used, an EMS should enable an organization to improve its environmental performance and avoid or reduce adverse environmental impacts over time.

History Of ISO 14001 Standards

The ISO 14000 series emerged primarily as a result of the Uruguay round of the GATT negotiations and the Rio Summit
on the Environment held in 1992. While GATT concentrates on the need to reduce non-tariff barriers to trade, the Rio
Summit generated a commitment to protection of the environment across the world. The environmental field has
seen a steady growth of national and regional standards.
The British Standards Institution has BS 7750, the Canadian Standards Association has environmental management,
auditing, eco-labeling and other standards, the European Union has all of these plus the eco-management and audit
requlations, and many other countries (e.g. USA, Germany and Japan) have introduced eco-labeling programs.
After the rapid acceptance of ISO 9000, and the increase of environmental standards around the world, ISO assessed
the need for international environmental management standards. They formed the Strategic Advisory Group on the
Environment (SAGE) in 1991, to consider whether such standards could serve to:
· Promote a common approach to environmental
· management similar to quality management
· Enhance organizations’ ability to attain and measure improvements in environmental performance; and
· Facilitate trade and remove trade barriers.

In 1992, SAGE’s recommendations created a new committee, TC 207, for international environmental management standards. The committee, and its subcommittees include representatives from industry, standards organizations, government and environmental organizations from many countries.
ISO 14004 and ISO 14001—were published in September and October 1996, respectively. The ISO 14000 family
consists of standards and guidelines relating to environmental management systems and supporting standards, terminology and specific tools, such as auditing.
Essentially, the standards are concerned with what an organization does to minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities: either during production or disposal, either by pollution or by depleting natural resources.

BENEFITS OF ISO 14000

BENEFITS OF ISO 14000
By having your organisation's environmental management system independently assessed by the Registration Body, you will be making a powerful statement about your organisation's environmental credentials.
Other benefits of ISO 14000 certification include:
1.Better management of environmental risks, now and future.
2. Increased access to new customers and business partners.
3. Demonstration of legal and regulatory compliance
4. Potential for reduced public liability insurance costs
5. Overall cost savings: in terms of consumption, waste and recycling
In addition, ISO 14000 is designed to be compatible with other management system standards such as ISO 9001 (Quality), OHSAS 18001 (Health and Safety) and ISO 27001 (Information Security). All or any combination of these complementary standards can be integrated seamlessly. They share many principles, so choosing an integrated management system can provide you with outstanding value for money.

What Is Environmental Management System?

What Is Environmental Management System?

ISO 14000 is primarily concerned with Environmental Management. In plain language, this means what the organization does to minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities.

Improving the environmental performance of corporations is one way of limiting environmental damage. Environmental management systems (EMS's), such as ISO 14001, provide a framework for organizations that wish to effectively manage their environmental affairs. Implementing an EMS that conforms to the ISO 14001 standard may help businesses integrate environmental values into their operations.

An EMS can be described as a program of continuous
environmental improvement that follows a defined
sequence of steps drawn from established project
management practice and routinely applied in business
management. In simple terms these steps are
as follows:
• Review the environmental consequences of the operations.
• Define a set of policies and objectives for environmental performance.
• Establish an action plan to achieve the objectives.
• Monitor performance against these objectives.
• Report the results appropriately.
• Review the system and the outcomes and strive for continuous improvement.
Not every system will present these steps in exactly the same way, but the basic principles are clear and easily understandable.

The ISO 14000 series is a series of standards for different aspects of environmental management. A number of these standards relating to environmental management systems have been adopted formally by the members of the ISO, while others are in different stages of preparation.

ISO 14000 is a group of standards covering the following areas:
•Environmental Management Systems (14001,14002, 14004)
•Environmental Auditing (14010, 14011, 14012)
•Evaluation of Environmental Performance (14031)
•Environmental Labeling (14020, 14021, 14022, 14023, 14024, 14025)
•Life-Cycle Assessment (14040, 14041,14042, 14043)

What Is Environmental Management System?

What Is Environmental Management System?